Can I Access My Pension Early?

Your pension is to provide for your retirement and you can’t normally cash it in before age 60. There are circumstances where you can retire as early as age 50. However, this would usually require the approval of your employer and/or Revenue.

“More than 20,000 Irish mortgage holders are facing the prospect of carrying non-performing mortgage debt into retirement, figures from the Central Bank of Ireland show… The Central Bank data, in addition, shows that 21,276 mortgage holders aged 60 or above still owe more than €150,000 in mortgage debt.” – Irish Times, 18th November 2019

Taking retirement benefits early will almost certainly reduce your pension income in retirement. It’s only suitable for a limited number of people and circumstances. This should not be seen as an easy option for raising cash.

Debt in Retirement

For many of us, making that stretch to a larger property is a desirable aspiration. It can also make sense when considered from a tax perspective given that there is no Capital Gains Tax applied to gains on your Principle Private Residence and you can rent a room for up to €15,000 pa tax free.

However, a clear consequence of overstretched borrowing during the boom is showing up now. More people are retiring with debts and mortgages to pay, as the headline from the Irish Times vividly illustrates.

As a result, you may be tempted to dip into your pension pots early – but this decision requires serious consideration.

Most of us hope that when we retire, we will be free from financial worries but the reality of high house prices and rising living costs mean that many of us will face increasing financial pressures after the traditional retirement age.

Recent studies from across the Irish Sea show that a fifth of UK homeowners are likely to be paying off a mortgage after the traditional retirement age of 65, while one in 10 people over the age of 55 don’t think that they will ever be mortgage-free.

Life doesn’t always turn out the way we expect it to and not everyone manages to pay off their mortgage while they are still working. The stress of having a debt problem when you are thinking about retiring can be crippling, especially if your home is at risk.

For those with old occupational pensions, which are generally accessible from age 50, using some of the money from your pension to pay off some or all of your mortgage is one way to deal with the difficulty of retiring while you still have housing debt. There are other options, however, including selling the house and downsizing to a smaller property to release cash.

Long-Term Impact

It is also important to consider how paying off mortgage debt now could impact on your retirement later in life. Your pension needs to help fund your living costs for as long as you are retired, and many people significantly underestimate their life expectancy.

Furthermore, the taxation rules for taking money from your pension can be difficult to understand. It is extremely important to ensure you fully understand the implications of your decision before you take it. Whether to access your pension pot early to pay off your mortgage is an important and life-changing decision for many, and the right answer will depend on the individual’s personal circumstances.

Lifestyle pension strategies typically move to more defensive assets as retirement approaches

Conventional wisdom says that we should move some of our pension fund from equities to cash and fixed interest as we approach retirement.

However, Cash and Bonds have zero/negative interest rates currently and the fixed interest market is negatively correlated with interest rates. Rising interest rates therefore imply falling capital values, hardly conducive with wealth preservation.

By contrast, many people 5 to 10 years out from retirement still have mortgages and it’s very possible that the interest rate applied to these loans is higher than the interest rate available from cash and fixed interest investments within a pension.

Here, the risk is also rising interest rates which will require higher monthly payments putting stress on already stretched finances (although inflation reduces the real debt burden over time).

For some people over the age of 50 and able to access old occupational schemes (as distinct from the current scheme that they are paying into), it may make sense to wind up these schemes, take the tax free cash and repay loans.

This also frees up monthly income which was previously being used to meet mortgage payments and this can then be potentially used to fund AVCs with tax relief on the contributions.

In effect, we can partially de-risk the current pension assets by putting the 25% lump sum into debt repayment which can be thought of as making  an interest rate play on our own debt rather than Government or Corporate Debt and which can carry a higher expected return than much of the bond market. The remaining  75% remains invested in Vested PRSAs or  ARFs (which can pursue the same investment strategy as before having taken some profit off the table) with no requirement to take taxable income until reaching age 61.

When combined with ongoing AVC contributions, we also have the potential benefits of Euro cost averaging plus the additional tax relief on the way in on the AVCs which allows for a higher equity exposure than one might feel comfortable with for a sizeable pension fund close to retirement  and which therefore results in higher expected returns overall relative to a progressively de-risked multi-asset lifestyle strategy.

Case Study

Marc & Felicity moved to a larger house a few years ago and took on an additional loan of €41,985. The current Interest Rate is 2.75% and the remaining term is 15 years

The monthly Payment is currently €265.

Projected Interest Savings at Current Interest Rates, assuming we had €40,000 lying around to clear the loan.

What about future interest rates?

Mortgage rates since 1975 have averaged 7.45%pa and nearly 4% over the last 15 years.

Just as we don’t know for sure what future returns will be from the Bond market, we can never know what our mortgage interest will actually amount to over the remaining term of the loan.

But there is a clear risk here that if interest rates do rise, then the cost of servicing the debt will increase. If we assume an average mortgage rate of 4% over the next 15 years, which is simply the average mortgage rate over the last 15 years, then the projected interest savings are as follows:

Mortgage payments are made from post-tax income

Therefore, at a marginal rate of tax of 52% the real cost of servicing the loan at different interest rates is as follows

For example, an average mortgage rate of 4% at current tax rates costs 8.3%pa of gross income to service. The difference of 4.3% is simply the tax deductions that are lost to the family to cover the cost of servicing the debt.

What if the monthly mortgage payment could be directed to AVCs?

Monthly mortgage payment is currently €265pm

If we took €40k from a pension and cleared the mortgage, we would be able to save what we were paying in mortgage payments into AVCs.

A Total monthly AVC contribution of   €445pm would have a net cost of

Net cost    €267 (approx. same as the mortgage payment)

And would receive income tax relief @40%  of   €178pm

So now our monthly mortgage commitment is earning an additional €178 pm in pension tax relief plus the monthly interest saving of   €74 pm (assuming average interest rate of 4%)

A total return of €252pm on a €41,000 investment = 7.4% pa. In addition assuming the ARF and AVC  contributions are invested in the same strategy as before, the returns on this money will be the same as before the capital was withdrawn.

If we contrast this with say taking 25% of the pension fund and investing it in the Vanguard Global Bond Index Fund Euro Hedged, the Yield to Maturity on the fund is currently 0.83%.

The current yield gives you a decent indication of what you might earn over time, according to the late John C. Bogle, founder and former chairman of Vanguard Group. Since 1926, the entry yield on the 10-year Treasury explains 92% of the annualized return an investor would have earned over the subsequent decade had he or she held the bond to maturity and reinvested the coupon payments at prevailing rates.

So, clearly a projected return of over 7%pa looks better than a projected return of 0.83% pa.

In Summary

We have assumed constant growth assumptions for the current pension fund whereas in reality if the current pension fund is de-risked to Fixed Interest and cash or divested under a lifestyle strategy the expected return should also be reduced.

To discuss the issues raised in this article, please get in touch Schedule Call

Take a look at our article on how you can boost your retirement income next.